tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27281106642375445782024-03-13T22:20:30.141-07:00Maria Elena MendozaAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16176529412772212025noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2728110664237544578.post-58532292112156389362013-02-19T21:02:00.001-08:002013-02-19T21:02:40.448-08:00Las Generaciones de la Computadora y sus Partes.<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--FK4Ww1ASgE/USRLr4E2IwI/AAAAAAAAAA0/MIIePWC71Zw/s1600/lifebook-p1610.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--FK4Ww1ASgE/USRLr4E2IwI/AAAAAAAAAA0/MIIePWC71Zw/s1600/lifebook-p1610.jpg" /></a><strong>Las Generaciones de la Computadora.</strong></div>
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<strong>Primera Generacion (1940-1954).</strong></div>
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En este tiempo las computadoras funcionaban con valvulas, usaban tarjetas perforadas, utilizaban cilindros magneticos para almacenar informacion e instrucciones internas y se utilizaban exclusivamente en el ambito cientifico o militar.</div>
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<strong>Segunda Generacion (1955-1963).</strong></div>
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En este tiempo usaban transitores para procesar informacion. Eran mas rapidos, pequeños y mas confiables que los tubos al vacio. usaban pequeños anillos magneticos para almacenar informacion e intrucciones.</div>
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<strong>Tercera Generacion (1964-1970).</strong></div>
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Esta tercera generacion emergió con el desarrollo de circuitos integrados (Pastilla de silencio) en las q se colocan miles de componentes electronicos en una integración en miniatura.</div>
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<strong>Cuarta Generacion (1971-1983).</strong></div>
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Fase caracterizada por la integracion de los componentes electronicos, que lo propicio la aparicion del Microprocesador, es decir un unico circuito integrado en el que se reunen los elementos basicos de la maquina.</div>
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Se desarrollan los "CHIP" para almacenar y procesar la informacion. Un CHIP es una pieza de silicio que contiene los componentes electronicos en miniatura llamados Semiconductores.</div>
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<strong>Quinta Generacion (1984-1989).</strong></div>
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En esta generacion surge la "PC" tal cual como la conocemos en la actualidad. IBM presenta su primera computadora personal y revoluciona el sector informatico. En vista de la acelerada marcha de la microelectronica, la sociaedad industrial se ah dado a la tarea de poner tambiena esa altura el desarrolo del Software y los sistemas con los que se manejan las computadoras.</div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">PARTES DE LA COMPUTADORA.</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></strong> </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-utjMWcM599g/USRTyxelI2I/AAAAAAAAABE/4NXj86YpHfQ/s1600/000502604.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" height="209" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-utjMWcM599g/USRTyxelI2I/AAAAAAAAABE/4NXj86YpHfQ/s320/000502604.jpg" width="320" /></span></a><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">UNIDAD CENTRAL DE PROCESO O CPU:</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">El CPU se encargadel control y el proceso de datos en las computadoras, es un microprocesador fabricado en un CHIP, un pequeño trozo de silicio q contiene millones de componentes electronicos. El microprocesador del CPU se comunica <span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a través de un conjunto de circuitos o conexiones
llamado bus. El bus conecta la CPU a los dispositivos de almacenamiento (Por
ejemplo, un disco duro) los dispositivos de entrada (Por ejemplo, un teclado o un mouse) y los dispositivos de salidas (Por ejemple, un monitor o una impresota).</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span> </div>
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<span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">MEMORIA RAM.</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Es el dispositivo donde se almacenan temporalmente tanto los datos comom los programas que la CPU esta proceando o va a procesar en un determinado momento. Por su funcion, es una amiga inseparable del microprocesador, con la cual se comunica a traves de los buses de datos. <span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Esta clase de memoria es volátil, es decir que, cuando
se corta la energía eléctrica, se borra toda la información que estuviera
almacenada en ella. </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">MEMORIA DE SOLO LECTURA O ROM.</span></strong></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Se dice que es memoria de solo lectura ya que la informacion que contiene puede ser leida pero no modificada. En ella se encuentra toda la informacion que el sistema necesita para poder funcionar correctamente ya que los fabricantes guardan allí las instruciones de arranque y funcionamiento coordinado de la computadora.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">PROCESADOR.</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Es un circuito integrado constituidos por millones de componentes electronicos integrados. costituye la unidad de procedimiento (CPU) de un PC catalogado como microcomputador. <span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">También
es el principal encargado de ejecutar los programas, sean de usuario o de
sistema; sólo ejecuta instrucciones programadas a muy bajo nivel, realizando
operaciones elementales, básicamente, las aritméticas y lógicas, tales como
sumar, restar, multiplicar, dividir, las lógicas binarias y accesos a memoria.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span> </div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">DISPOSITIVOS DE ENTRADA.</span></strong></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Son aquellos que sirven para introducir datos a la
computadora para su proceso. Los datos se leen de los dispositivos de entrada y
se almacenan en la memoria central o interna. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Por Ejemplo:</span></strong></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>Mouse o ratón:</strong> la funcion principal del ratón es transmitir los movimientos de nuestra mano sobre una superficie plana hacia el ordenador.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">DISPOSITIVO DE SALIDA.</span></strong></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>El dispositivo
de salida típico es la pantalla o monitor. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> <strong> Por Ejemplo:</strong></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>Monitor:</strong> es el dispositivo en el que se muestran las imagenes generadas por el adaptador de video del ordenador o computadora.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">DISCO DURO.</span></strong></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Tiene una gran capacidad de almacenamiento de informacion, pero al estar alojados normalmente dentro del armazón de la computadora (Discos internos), no son extraibles facilmente. <span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Para intercambiar información con otros equipos (si no
están conectados en red) necesitamos utilizar unidades de disco, como los
disquetes, los discos ópticos (CD, DVD), los discos magneto-ópticos, memorias
USB, memorias flash, entre otros.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span class="post-content"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span> </div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span> </div>
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